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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Mood Disorders
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1393782

Nonlinear association between depressive symptoms and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: a cross-sectional analysis in the american population

Provisionally accepted
jiang chun qi jiang chun qi 1wang bo wang bo 2*qu yi nuo qu yi nuo 1wang jun wang jun 1Xin Zhang Xin Zhang 2*
  • 1 Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
  • 2 Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background：Depressive symptom, a pervasive mental health disorder, has garnered increasing attention due to its intricate interconnections with various physiological processes. One emerging avenue of investigation delves into the potential association between depressive symptom and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), a parameter reflecting insulin resistance. The intricate interplay between these two domains holds promising implications for understanding the multifaceted nature of depressive symptom and its impact on metabolic health.Methods：We used weighted multivariable logistic regression models with subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between depressive symptom and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Non-linear correlations were explored using fitted smoothing curves. Then, we constructed a two-piece linear regression model and performed a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection point.Results：The study included 20,282 participants in the United States. In the regression model adjusted for all confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) for the correlation between depressive symptom and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.01). However, a significant discrepancy between trend tests and regression analyses suggests a potential non-linear relationship between depressive symptom and the assessment of insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model. Constrained cubic spline analysis confirmed this non-linear relationship, identifying an inflection point at 10.47. Before the inflection point, depressive symptom exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the assessment of insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model. However, after the inflection point, a negative correlation was observed, though it did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion：We found a curve-like relationship between depressive symptom and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

    Keywords: ：Non-linear, Cross-sectional study, NHANES, Depressive symptom, Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

    Received: 27 Mar 2024; Accepted: 06 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 qi, bo, nuo, jun and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    wang bo, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, China
    Xin Zhang, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, China

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