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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Psychiatry
Sec. Neurostimulation
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1431837
This article is part of the Research Topic Neuroimaging of Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Targeted Interventions View all 4 articles

Restoration of abnormal sleep EEG power in patients with insomnia disorder after 1Hz rTMS over left DLPFC

Provisionally accepted
Xumeng Zhao Xumeng Zhao 1*Jiayi Liu Jiayi Liu 1*Ziqiang Shao Ziqiang Shao 2*Xiaoyang Liu Xiaoyang Liu 2*Zhen Wang Zhen Wang 2*Kai Yuan Kai Yuan 2Bingqian Zhang Bingqian Zhang 1*Yan Li Yan Li 1*Xiaona Sheng Xiaona Sheng 1*Yifei Zhu Yifei Zhu 1*Yansu Guo Yansu Guo 1*
  • 1 Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
  • 2 Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Hyperarousal has been a significant pathophysiological theory related to insomnia disorder (ID), characterized by excessive cortical activation and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) power during daytime or sleep. However, there is currently insufficient attention to the EEG power during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and different stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Additionally, whether the abnormal sleep EEG power in ID patients can be restored by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remains unclear. Data of 26 ID patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the current observational study. The comparisons of relative power between patients and HCs at baseline in each band of each sleep stage and the changes in patients before and after rTMS treatment were performed. The correlations between relative power and behavioral measures of the patients were also investigated. Abnormalities in sleep EEG relative power in the delta, beta and gamma bands of the patients were observed in NREM2, NREM3 and REM sleep. Correlations were identified between relative power and behavioral measures in ID group, primarily encompassing sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency and depression scores. Furthermore, post-treatment improvements in relative power of the delta and beta band were observed in NREM2 sleep. The relative power of sleep EEG exhibited a significant correlation with sleep measures in ID patients, and demonstrated notable differences from HCs across the delta, beta, and gamma frequency bands. Furthermore, our findings suggest that rTMS treatment may partially ameliorate relative power abnormalities in patients with ID.

    Keywords: insomnia disorder, Polysomnography, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, relative power, stage 2 NREM sleep

    Received: 13 May 2024; Accepted: 23 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhao, Liu, Shao, Liu, Wang, Yuan, Zhang, Li, Sheng, Zhu and Guo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Xumeng Zhao, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
    Jiayi Liu, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
    Ziqiang Shao, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, Shaanxi Province, China
    Xiaoyang Liu, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, Shaanxi Province, China
    Zhen Wang, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710126, Shaanxi Province, China
    Bingqian Zhang, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
    Yan Li, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
    Xiaona Sheng, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
    Yifei Zhu, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
    Yansu Guo, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

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