AUTHOR=Gui Zhen , Wang Yue-Ying , Li Jia-Xin , Li Xiao-Hong , Su Zhaohui , Cheung Teris , Lok Ka-In , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Zhang Qinge , Xiang Yu-Tao 

TITLE=Prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272812

DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272812

ISSN=1664-0640

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Objective</title><p>The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the public health responses were associated with a huge health burden, which could influence sleep quality. This meta-analysis and systematic review examined the prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from their respective inception to October 27, 2022. Prevalence rates of poor sleep were analyzed using a random effects model.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>Totally, 24 epidemiological and 12 comparative studies with 8,146 COVID-19 patients and 5,787 healthy controls were included. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality based on the included studies was 65.0% (95%CI: 59.56–70.44%, <italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup> = 97.6%). COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of poor sleep quality compared to healthy controls (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30–2.30, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01, <italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup> = 78.1%) based on the 12 comparative studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients in low-income countries (<italic>p</italic> = 0.011) and in studies using a lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score cut-off (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Meta-regression analyses revealed that being female (<italic>p</italic> = 0.044), older (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) and married (<italic>p</italic> = 0.009) were significantly correlated with a higher risk of poor sleep quality while quality score (<italic>p</italic> = 0.014) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of poor sleep quality in COVID-19 patients.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Poor sleep quality was found to be very common in COVID-19 patients. Considering the negative effects of poor sleep quality on daily life, sleep quality should be routinely assessed and appropriately addressed in COVID-19 patients.</p></sec>