AUTHOR=Dale Lourdes P. , Cuffe Steven P. , Kolacz Jacek , Leon Kalie G. , Bossemeyer Biernacki Nadia , Bhullar Amal , Nix Evan J. , Porges Stephen W. 

TITLE=Increased Autonomic Reactivity and Mental Health Difficulties in COVID-19 Survivors: Implications for Medical Providers

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830926

DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830926

ISSN=1664-0640

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Because there is a relationship between mental health (MH) and medical adversity and autonomic dysregulation, we hypothesized that individuals infected with COVID-19 would report greater current autonomic reactivity and more MH difficulties (emotional distress, mindfulness difficulties, and posttraumatic stress). We also hypothesized that individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 who are experiencing difficulties related to their prior adversity and those providing medical care to COVID-19 patients would be more negatively impacted due to their increased stress and infection rates.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>US participants (<italic>N</italic> = 1,638; 61% female; Age <italic>M</italic> = 46.80) completed online self-report measures of prior adversity, current autonomic reactivity and current MH difficulties, and COVID-19 diagnosis history. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 (<italic>n</italic> = 98) were more likely to be younger and providing medical care to COVID-19 patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 reported increased current autonomic reactivity, being more negatively impacted by their prior MH/medical adversities, and currently experiencing more MH difficulties with an increased likelihood of clinically-significant PTSD and depression (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01 – <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Current autonomic reactivity mediated 58.9% to 85.2% of the relationship between prior adversity and current MH difficulties; and COVID-19 diagnosis moderated and enhanced the effect of prior adversity on current autonomic reactivity (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01). Being a medical provider was associated with increased current autonomic reactivity (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01), while moderating and enhancing the relationship between current autonomic reactivity and emotional distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Combining COVID-19 diagnosis with being a medical provider increased likelihood of clinically-significant PTSD and depression (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, particularly medical providers, have increased current autonomic reactivity that is associated with their prior adversities and current MH difficulties.</p></sec>