AUTHOR=Zijlmans Josjan , Teela Lorynn , van Ewijk Hanneke , Klip Helen , van der Mheen Malindi , Ruisch Hyun , Luijten Michiel A. J. , van Muilekom Maud M. , Oostrom Kim J. , Buitelaar Jan , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Lindauer Ramón , Popma Arne , Staal Wouter , Vermeiren Robert , van Oers Hedy A. , Haverman Lotte , Polderman Tinca J. C. 

TITLE=Mental and Social Health of Children and Adolescents With Pre-existing Mental or Somatic Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692853

DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692853

ISSN=1664-0640

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> The COVID-19 lockdown increases psychological problems in children and adolescents from the general population. Here we investigate the mental and social health during the COVID-19 lockdown in children and adolescents with pre-existing mental or somatic problems.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> We included participants (8–18 years) from a psychiatric (<italic>N</italic> = 249) and pediatric (<italic>N</italic> = 90) sample, and compared them to a general population sample (<italic>N</italic> = 844). Measures were assessed during the first lockdown (April-May 2020) in the Netherlands. Main outcome measures were Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) domains: Global Health, Peer Relationships, Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Anger, and Sleep-Related Impairment, as reported by children and youth. Additionally, socio-demographic variables, COVID-19-related questions, changes in atmosphere at home from a parent and child perspective, and children's experiences of lockdown regulations were reported by parents.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> On all measures except Global Health, the pediatric sample reported least problems. The psychiatric sample reported significantly more problems than the general population sample on all measures except for Anxiety and Peer Relationships. Having a COVID-19 affected friend/relative and a COVID-19 related change in parental work situation negatively moderated outcome, but not in the samples with pre-existing problems. All parents reported significant decreases in atmosphere at home, as did children from the general population.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> We observed significant differences in mental and social health between three child and adolescent samples during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and identified COVID-19-related factors influencing mental and social health.</p>