AUTHOR=Liu Chun-Hong , Guo Jing , Lu Shun-Li , Tang Li-Rong , Fan Jin , Wang Chuan-Yue , Wang Lihong , Liu Qing-Quan , Liu Cun-Zhi 

TITLE=Increased Salience Network Activity in Patients With Insomnia Complaints in Major Depressive Disorder

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Psychiatry

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00093

DOI=10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00093

ISSN=1664-0640

ABSTRACT=<sec id="ST1"><title>Background</title><p>Insomnia is one of the main symptom correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD), but the neural mechanisms underlying the multifaceted interplay between insomnia and depression are not fully understood.</p></sec><sec id="ST2"><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Patients with MDD and high insomnia (MDD-HI, <italic>n</italic> = 24), patients with MDD and low insomnia (MDD-LI, <italic>n</italic> = 37), and healthy controls (HCs, <italic>n</italic> = 51) were recruited to participate in the present study. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) during the resting state were compared among the three groups.</p></sec><sec id="ST3"><title>Results</title><p>We observed ALFF differences between the three groups in the right inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula (IFG/AI), right middle temporal gyrus, left calcarine, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Further region of interest (ROI) comparisons showed that the increases in the right IFG/AI reflected an abnormality specific to insomnia in MDD, while increases in the bilateral dlPFC reflected an abnormality specific to MDD generally. Increased ALFF in the right IFG/AI was also found to be correlated with sleep disturbance scores when regressing out the influence of the severity of anxiety and depression.</p></sec><sec id="ST4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our findings suggest that increased resting state ALLF in IFG/AI may be specifically related to hyperarousal state of insomnia in patients with MDD, independently of the effects of anxiety and depression.</p></sec>