Varition analysis and comparison of leaf and fruit traits of triploid hybrid progeny in jujube

Jiayuan Xuan ¹ Quanhui Ma ¹ Lixin Ge ¹ Fenfen Yan ^1* Jun Yu ¹ Jiurui Wang ² Cuiyun Wu ¹ Mengjun Liu ²

• ¹ Tarim University, Aral, China
• ² Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China

Polyploid hybrid progeny have both ploidy and hybridization effect, and abound in genetic variation of traits, which is an important material for the breeding of excellent new varieties. In order to reveal the variation characteristics of leaf and fruit traits, the groups of triploid and diploid hybrid progeny in jujube were firstly created and used to investigate the traits of leaves, stomata, thorn and fruit quality. The results indicated that the triploid progeny exhibited significantly higher values for leaf width, straight thorn length, and stomatal length compared to diploid individuals. However, the leaf shape index and stomatal density were significantly lower in triploids than in diploids. Furthermore, a low genetic trend was observed for leaf traits in triploid progeny, while needle prick traits displayed a high genetic trend. In contrast, stomatal width and stomatal density showed moderate to low genetic trends. Significantly, the single fruit weight, single fruit kernel weight and soluble solids content were significantly higher in triploids compared to diploids. However, the kernel index and titratable acid content were significantly lower in triploids than diploids. The genetic trend showed a high inclination towards single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit shape index, kernel transverse diameter and vitamin C content in triploid offspring. The edible rate exhibited a moderate genetic trend, while kernel longitudinal diameter, kernel index, and titratable acid content displayed a low genetic trend.All these findings indicate that the triploid progeny exhibit typical polyploid characteristics, such as round leaves, larger stomata and fruit, higher sugar.