AUTHOR=Tarekegne Amsal , Wegary Dagne , Cairns Jill E. , Zaman-Allah Mainassara , Beyene Yoseph , Negera Demewoz , Teklewold Adefris , Tesfaye Kindie , Jumbo MacDonald B. , Das Biswanath , Nhamucho Egas J. , Simpasa Kelvin , Kaonga Kesbell K. E. , Mashingaidze Kingstone , Thokozile Ndhlela , Mhike Xavier , Prasanna Boddupalli M. TITLE=Genetic gains in early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Southern Africa during 2000–2018 JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science VOLUME=14 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1321308 DOI=10.3389/fpls.2023.1321308 ISSN=1664-462X ABSTRACT=

Genetic gain estimation in a breeding program provides an opportunity to monitor breeding efficiency and genetic progress over a specific period. The present study was conducted to (i) assess the genetic gains in grain yield of the early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Southern African breeding program during the period 2000–2018 and (ii) identify key agronomic traits contributing to the yield gains under various management conditions. Seventy-two early maturing hybrids developed by CIMMYT and three commercial checks were assessed under stress and non-stress conditions across 68 environments in seven eastern and southern African countries through the regional on-station trials. Genetic gain was estimated as the slope of the regression of grain yield and other traits against the year of first testing of the hybrid in the regional trial. The results showed highly significant (p< 0.01) annual grain yield gains of 118, 63, 46, and 61 kg ha−1 year−1 under optimum, low N, managed drought, and random stress conditions, respectively. The gains in grain yield realized in this study under both stress and non-stress conditions were associated with improvements in certain agronomic traits and resistance to major maize diseases. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the significant progress made in developing productive and multiple stress-tolerant maize hybrids together with other desirable agronomic attributes in CIMMYT’s hybrid breeding program.