AUTHOR=Wu Xia , Wei Feng , Ding Furong , Yang Nian , Niu Jingming , Ran Yuanquan , Tian Minyi 

TITLE=Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic properties of Alpinia coriandriodora (sweet ginger) rhizome

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1284931

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2023.1284931

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Alpinia coriandriodora</italic>, also known as sweet ginger, is a medicinal and edible plant. <italic>A. coriandriodora</italic> rhizome is popularly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and as flavouring spices, but there are few reports on its constituents and bioactivities. This study analyzed the phytochemical components of <italic>A. coriandriodora</italic> rhizome by GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and evaluated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic properties. According to the GC-FID/MS data, its rhizome essential oil (EO) consisted mainly of (<italic>E</italic>)-2-decenal (53.8%), (<italic>E</italic>)-2-decenyl acetate (24.4%), (<italic>Z</italic>)-3-dodecenyl acetate (3.5%), and (<italic>E</italic>)-2-octenal (3.5%). Its water extract (WE) and 70% ethanol extract (EE) showed high total phenolic content (TPC, 52.99–60.49 mg GAEs/g extract) and total flavonoid content (TFC, 260.69–286.42 mg REs/g extract). In addition, the phytochemicals of WE and EE were further characterized using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and a total of sixty-three compounds were identified, including fourteen phenolic components and twenty-three flavonoid compounds. In the antioxidant assay, WE and EE revealed a potent scavenging effect on DPPH (IC<sub>50</sub>: 6.59 ± 0.88 mg/mL and 17.70 ± 1.15 mg/mL, respectively), surpassing the BHT (IC<sub>50</sub>: 21.83 ± 0.89 mg/mL). For the antimicrobial activities, EO displayed excellent antibacterial capabilities against <italic>Proteus vulgaris</italic>, <italic>Enterococcus faecalis</italic>, <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic>, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, and <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> with DIZ (12.60–22.17 mm), MIC (0.78–1.56 mg/mL), and MBC (3.13 mg/mL) and significantly inhibited <italic>Aspergillus flavus</italic> growth (MIC = 0.313 mg/mL, MFC = 0.625 mg/mL, respectively). In addition to weak tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibition, EE and WE had a prominent inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase (IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.013 ± 0.001 mg/mL and 0.017 ± 0.002 mg/mL), which was significantly higher than acarbose (IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Hence, the rhizome of <italic>A. coriandriodora</italic> has excellent potential for utilization in the pharmaceutical and food fields as a source of bioactive substances.</p>