AUTHOR=Liu Yizhuo , Song Weiwei , Song Anning , Wu Chunfei , Ding Jiarui , Yu Xiaoning , Song Jia , Liu Miaomiao , Yang Xinyuan , Jiang Changtong , Zhao Haibin , Song Weifu , Liu Dongjun , Yang Xuefeng , Song Qingjie , Li Xinling , Cui Lei , Li Hongjie , Zhang Yanming TITLE=The improvement of agronomic performances in the cold weather conditions for perennial wheatgrass by crossing Thinopyrum intermedium with wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science VOLUME=14 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1207078 DOI=10.3389/fpls.2023.1207078 ISSN=1664-462X ABSTRACT=

Thinopyrum intermedium (2n=6x=42, StStJ^rJ^rJ^vsJ^vs) is resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses, making it suitable for developing perennial crops and forage. Through five cycles of selection, we developed 24 perennial wheatgrass lines, designated 19HSC-Q and 20HSC-Z, by crossing wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids with Th. intermedium. The cold resistance, morphological performance, chromosome composition, and yield components of these perennial lines were investigated from 2019 to 2022. Six lines of 19HSC-Q had higher 1,000-kernel weight, grains per spike, and tiller number than Th. intermedium, as well as surviving -30°C in winter. Lines 19HSC-Q14, 19HSC-Q18, and 19HSC-Q20 had the best performances for grain number per spike and 1,000-kernel weight. The 20HSC-Z lines, 20HSC-Z1, 20HSC-Z2, and 20HSC-Z3, were able to survive in the cold winter in Harbin and had been grown for two years. Sequential multicolor GISH analysis revealed that the J^vs subgenome of Th. intermedium were divided into two karyotypes, three pairs of type-I J^vs chromosomes and four pairs of type-II J^vs chromosomes. Both Th. intermedium and the 24 advanced perennial wheatgrass lines had similar chromosome compositions, but the translocations among subgenome chromosomes were detected in some lines with prominent agronomic traits, such as 19HSC-Q11, 19HSC-Q14, 19HSC-Q18, 19HSC-Q20, and the three 20HSC-Z lines. The chromosome aberrations were distinguished into two types: the large fragment translocation with St-J^r, J^vs-St, J^r-IIJ^vs, and J^vs-J^r and the small fragment introgression of J^r-St, St-IJ^vs, and J^vs-J^r. These chromosomal variations can be used to further analyze the relationship between the subgenomes and phenotypes of Th. intermedium. The results of this study provide valuable materials for the next selection cycle of cold-resistant perennial wheatgrass.