AUTHOR=Frommer Bianca , Müllner Sophia , Holtgräwe Daniela , Viehöver Prisca , Huettel Bruno , Töpfer Reinhard , Weisshaar Bernd , Zyprian Eva 

TITLE=Phased grapevine genome sequence of an Rpv12 carrier for biotechnological exploration of resistance to Plasmopara viticola

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1180982

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2023.1180982

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>The downy mildew disease caused by the oomycete <italic>Plasmopara viticola</italic> is a serious threat for grapevine and can cause enormous yield losses in viticulture. The quantitative trait locus <italic>Rpv12</italic>, mediating resistance against <italic>P. viticola</italic>, was originally found in Asian <italic>Vitis amurensis</italic>. This locus and its genes were analyzed here in detail. A haplotype-separated genome sequence of the diploid <italic>Rpv12</italic>-carrier Gf.99-03 was created and annotated. The defense response against <italic>P. viticola</italic> was investigated in an infection time-course RNA-seq experiment, revealing approximately 600 upregulated <italic>Vitis</italic> genes during host–pathogen interaction. The <italic>Rpv12</italic> regions of the resistance and the sensitivity encoding Gf.99-03 haplotype were structurally and functionally compared with each other. Two different clusters of resistance-related genes were identified within the <italic>Rpv12</italic> locus. One cluster carries a set of four differentially expressed genes with three <italic>ACCELERATED CELL DEATH</italic> 6-like genes. The other cluster carries a set of six resistance gene analogs related to qualitative pathogen resistance. The <italic>Rpv12</italic> locus and its candidate genes for <italic>P. viticola</italic> resistance provide a precious genetic resource for <italic>P. viticola</italic> resistance breeding. Newly developed co-segregating simple sequence repeat markers in close proximity to the <italic>R</italic>-genes enable its improved applicability in marker-assisted grapevine breeding.</p>