AUTHOR=Julian Jordan D. , Zabotina Olga A. 

TITLE=Xyloglucan Biosynthesis: From Genes to Proteins and Their Functions

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.920494

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2022.920494

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>The plant’s recalcitrant cell wall is composed of numerous polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The most abundant hemicellulose in dicot cell walls is xyloglucan, which consists of a β-(1- &gt; 4) glucan backbone with α-(1- &gt; 6) xylosylation producing an XXGG or XXXG pattern. Xylose residues of xyloglucan are branched further with different patterns of arabinose, fucose, galactose, and acetylation that varies between species. Although xyloglucan research in other species lag behind <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>, significant advances have been made into the agriculturally relevant species <italic>Oryza sativa</italic> and <italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic>, which can be considered model organisms for XXGG type xyloglucan. In this review, we will present what is currently known about xyloglucan biosynthesis in <italic>A. thaliana</italic>, <italic>O. sativa</italic>, and <italic>S. lycopersicum</italic> and discuss the recent advances in the characterization of the glycosyltransferases involved in this complex process and their organization in the Golgi.</p>