AUTHOR=El-Sappah Ahmed H. , Yan Kuan , Huang Qiulan , Islam Md. Monirul , Li Quanzi , Wang Yu , Khan Muhammad Sarwar , Zhao Xianming , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Li Jia , El-Tarabily Khaled A. , Abbas Manzar 

TITLE=Comprehensive Mechanism of Gene Silencing and Its Role in Plant Growth and Development

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.705249

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2021.705249

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>Gene silencing is a negative feedback mechanism that regulates gene expression to define cell fate and also regulates metabolism and gene expression throughout the life of an organism. In plants, gene silencing occurs <italic>via</italic> transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). TGS obscures transcription <italic>via</italic> the methylation of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), whereas PTGS causes the methylation of a coding region to result in transcript degradation. In this review, we summarized the history and molecular mechanisms of gene silencing and underlined its specific role in plant growth and crop production.</p>