AUTHOR=Fu Xin , Feng Yi-Qing , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Zhang Yan-Yan , Bi Huan-Gai , Ai Xi-Zhen 

TITLE=Salicylic Acid Is Involved in Rootstock–Scion Communication in Improving the Chilling Tolerance of Grafted Cucumber

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.693344

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2021.693344

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>Salicylic acid (SA) has been proven to be a multifunctional signaling molecule that participates in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. In this study, we used cold-sensitive cucumber and cold-tolerant pumpkin as experimental materials to examine the roles of SA in root–shoot communication responses to aerial or/and root-zone chilling stress in own-root and hetero-root grafted cucumber and pumpkin plants. The results showed that pumpkin (<italic>Cm</italic>) rootstock enhanced the chilling tolerance of grafted cucumber, as evidenced by the observed lower levels of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and higher photosynthetic rate (Pn) and gene expression of Rubisco activase (RCA). However, cucumber (<italic>Cs</italic>) rootstock decreased the chilling tolerance of grafted pumpkins. <italic>Cs/Cm</italic> plants showed an increase in the mRNA expression of C-repeat-binding factor (<italic>CBF1</italic>), an inducer of <italic>CBF</italic> expression (<italic>ICE1</italic>), and cold-responsive (<italic>COR47</italic>) genes and <italic>CBF1</italic> protein levels in leaves under 5/25 and 5/5°C stresses, or in roots under 25/5 and 5/5°C stresses, respectively, compared with the <italic>Cs/Cs</italic>. Chilling stress increased the endogenous SA content and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the increase in SA content and activity of PAL in <italic>Cs/Cm</italic> plants was much higher than in <italic>Cs/Cs</italic> plants. Transcription profiling analysis revealed the key genes of SA biosynthesis, <italic>PAL</italic>, <italic>ICS</italic>, and <italic>SABP2</italic> were upregulated, while <italic>SAMT</italic>, the key gene of SA degradation, was downregulated in <italic>Cs/Cm</italic> leaves, compared with <italic>Cs/Cs</italic> leaves under chilling stress. The accumulation of SA in the <italic>Cs/Cm</italic> leaves was mainly attributed to an increase in SA biosynthesis in leaves and that in transport from roots under aerial and root-zone chilling stress, respectively. In addition, exogenous SA significantly upregulated the expression level of cold-responsive (<italic>COR</italic>) genes, enhanced actual photochemical efficiency (<italic>Φ</italic><sub>PSII</sub>), maximum photochemical efficiency (<italic>F</italic><sub>v</sub>/<italic>F</italic><sub>m</sub>), and Pn, while decreased EL, MDA, and CI in grafted cucumber. These results suggest that SA is involved in rootstock–scion communication and grafting-induced chilling tolerance by upregulating the expression of <italic>COR</italic> genes in cucumber plants under chilling stress.</p>