AUTHOR=Wamonje Francis O. , Tungadi Trisna D. , Murphy Alex M. , Pate Adrienne E. , Woodcock Christine , Caulfield John C. , Mutuku J. Musembi , Cunniffe Nik J. , Bruce Toby J. A. , Gilligan Christopher A. , Pickett John A. , Carr John P. 

TITLE=Three Aphid-Transmitted Viruses Encourage Vector Migration From Infected Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Plants Through a Combination of Volatile and Surface Cues

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.613772

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2020.613772

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are important pathogens of common bean (<italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</italic>), a crop vital for food security in sub-Saharan Africa. These viruses are vectored by aphids non-persistently, with virions bound loosely to stylet receptors. These viruses also manipulate aphid-mediated transmission by altering host properties. Virus-induced effects on host-aphid interactions were investigated using choice test (migration) assays, olfactometry, and analysis of insect-perceivable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using gas chromatography (GC)-coupled mass spectrometry, and GC-coupled electroantennography. When allowed to choose freely between infected and uninfected plants, aphids of the legume specialist species <italic>Aphis fabae</italic>, and of the generalist species <italic>Myzus persicae</italic>, were repelled by plants infected with BCMV, BCMNV, or CMV. However, in olfactometer experiments with <italic>A. fabae</italic>, only the VOCs emitted by BCMNV-infected plants repelled aphids. Although BCMV, BCMNV, and CMV each induced distinctive changes in emission of aphid-perceivable volatiles, all three suppressed emission of an attractant sesquiterpene, α-copaene, suggesting these three different viruses promote migration of virus-bearing aphids in a similar fashion.</p>