AUTHOR=Dougherty Laura , Bai Tuanhui , Brown Susan , Xu Kenong 

TITLE=Exploring DNA Variant Segregation Types Enables Mapping Loci for Recessive Phenotypic Suppression of Columnar Growth in Apple

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.00692

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2020.00692

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>Columnar apples trees, originated from a bud mutation ‘Wijcik McIntosh,’ develop a simple canopy and set fruit on spurs. These characteristics make them an important genetic resource for improvement of tree architecture. Genetic studies have uncovered that columnar growth habit is a dominant trait and is caused by a retroposon insertion that induces the expression of the neighboring gene <italic>C</italic>o encoding a 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase. Here we report the genetic mapping of two loci of recessive suppressors (genes) <italic>c2</italic> (on Chr10) and <italic>c3</italic> (on Chr9) that are linked to repression of the retroposon-induced <italic>Co</italic> gene expression and associated columnar phenotype in 275 F<sub>1</sub> seedlings, which were developed from a reciprocal cross between two columnar selections heterozygous at the <italic>Co</italic> locus. The mapping was accomplished by sequencing a genomic pool comprising 18 columnar seedlings and another pool of 16 standard seedlings that also carry the retroposon insertion, and by exploring DNA variants of segregation types that are informative for mapping recessive traits in apple. The informative segregation types include &lt;<bold>h</bold>k × <bold>h</bold>k&gt;, &lt;<bold>l</bold>m × <bold>ll</bold>&gt;, &lt;<bold>nn</bold> × <bold>n</bold>p&gt;, &lt;<bold>l</bold>m × mm&gt;, and &lt;pp × <bold>n</bold>p&gt;, where each letter denotes one of the four DNA bases and the letters in bold represent variants in relation to the reference genome. The alleles in each first and third positions are assumed in linkage with the recessive suppressors’ allele in the two parents, respectively. Using RNA-seq analysis, we further revealed that the <italic>Co</italic> gene together with the differentially expressed genes under loci <italic>c2</italic> and <italic>c3</italic> formed a co-expression gene-network module associated with growth habit, in which 12 MapMan Bins were enriched.</p>