AUTHOR=Higuera José Javier , Garrido-Gala José , Lekhbou Ayman , Arjona-Girona Isabel , Amil-Ruiz Francisco , Mercado José A. , Pliego-Alfaro Fernando , Muñoz-Blanco Juan , López-Herrera Carlos J. , Caballero José L. 

TITLE=The Strawberry FaWRKY1 Transcription Factor Negatively Regulates Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in Fruit Upon Infection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.00480

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2019.00480

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>Strawberry (<italic>Fragaria</italic> ×<italic>ananassa</italic>) is a major food crop worldwide, due to the flavor, aroma and health benefits of the fruit, but its productivity and quality are seriously limited by a large variety of phytopathogens, including <italic>Colletotrichum</italic> spp. So far, key factors regulating strawberry immune response remain unknown. The <italic>FaWRKY1</italic> gene has been previously proposed as an important element mediating defense responses in strawberry to <italic>Colletotrichum acutatum</italic>. To get further insight into the functional role that FaWRKY1 plays in the defense mechanism, <italic>Agrobacterium</italic>-mediated transient transformation was used both to silence and overexpress the <italic>FaWRKY1</italic> gene in strawberry fruits (<italic>Fragaria</italic> ×<italic>ananassa</italic> cv. Primoris), which were later analyzed upon <italic>C. acutatum</italic> inoculation. Susceptibility tests were performed after pathogen infection comparing the severity of disease between the two agroinfiltrated opposite halves of the same fruit, one half bearing a construct either for <italic>FaWRKY1</italic> overexpression or RNAi-mediated silencing and the other half bearing the empty vector, as control. The severity of tissue damage was monitored and found to be visibly reduced at five days after pathogen inoculation in the fruit half where <italic>FaWRKY1</italic> was transiently silenced compared to that of the opposite control half and statistical analysis corroborated a significant reduction in disease susceptibility. Contrarily, a similar level of susceptibility was found when <italic>FaWRKY1</italic> overexpression and control fruit samples, was compared. These results unravel a negative regulatory role of FaWRKY1 in resistance to the phytopathogenic fungus <italic>C. acutatum</italic> in strawberry fruit and contrast with the previous role described for this gene in <italic>Arabidopsis</italic> as positive regulator of resistance against the bacteria <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic>. Based on previous results, a tentative working model for WRKY75 like genes after pathogen infection is proposed and the expression pattern of potential downstream FaWRKY1 target genes was also analyzed in strawberry fruit upon <italic>C. acutatum</italic> infection. Our results highlight that FaWRKY1 might display different function according to species, plant tissue and/or type of pathogen and underline the intricate FaWRKY1 responsive defense regulatory mechanism taking place in strawberry against this important crop pathogen.</p>