AUTHOR=Mishra Priyanka , Shukla Ashutosh K. , Sundaresan Velusamy 

TITLE=Candidate DNA Barcode Tags Combined With High Resolution Melting (Bar-HRM) Curve Analysis for Authentication of Senna alexandrina Mill. With Validation in Crude Drugs

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.00283

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2018.00283

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Senna alexandrina</italic> (Fabaceae) is a globally recognized medicinal plant for its laxative properties as well as the only source of sennosides, and is highly exported bulk herb from India. Its major procurement is exclusively from limited cultivation, which leads to risks of deliberate or unintended adulteration. The market raw materials are in powdered or finished product form, which lead to difficulties in authentication. Here, DNA barcode tags based on chloroplast genes (<italic>rbcL</italic> and <italic>matK</italic>) and intergenic spacers (<italic>psbA-trnH</italic> and <italic>ITS</italic>) were developed for <italic>S. alexandrina</italic> along with the allied species. The ability and performance of the <italic>ITS1</italic> region to discriminate among the <italic>Senna</italic> species resulted in the present proposal of the <italic>ITS1</italic> tags as successful barcode. Further, these tags were coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis in a real-time PCR genotyping method to derive Bar-HRM (Barcoding-HRM) assays. Suitable HRM primer sets were designed through SNP detection and mutation scanning in genomic signatures of <italic>Senna</italic> species. The melting profiles of <italic>S. alexandrina</italic> and <italic>S</italic>. <italic>italica</italic> subsp. <italic>micrantha</italic> were almost identical and the remaining five species were clearly separated so that they can be differentiated by HRM method. The sensitivity of the method was utilized to authenticate market samples [Herbal Sample Assays (HSAs)]. HSA01 (<italic>S. alexandrina</italic> crude drug sample from Bangalore) and HSA06 (<italic>S. alexandrina</italic> crude drug sample from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India) were found to be highly contaminated with <italic>S</italic>. <italic>italica</italic> subsp. <italic>micrantha</italic>. Species admixture samples mixed in varying percentage was identified sensitively with detection of contamination as low as 1%. The melting profiles of PCR amplicons are clearly distinct, which enables the authentic differentiation of species by the HRM method. This study reveals that DNA barcoding coupled with HRM is an efficient molecular tool to authenticate <italic>Senna</italic> herbal products in the market for quality control in the drug supply chain.</p><p>CIMAP Communication Number: CIMAP/PUB/2017/31</p>