AUTHOR=Moroz Natalia , Fritch Karen R. , Marcec Matthew J. , Tripathi Diwaker , Smertenko Andrei , Tanaka Kiwamu 

TITLE=Extracellular Alkalinization as a Defense Response in Potato Cells

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00032

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2017.00032

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>A quantitative and robust bioassay to assess plant defense response is important for studies of disease resistance and also for the early identification of disease during pre- or non-symptomatic phases. An increase in extracellular pH is known to be an early defense response in plants. In this study, we demonstrate extracellular alkalinization as a defense response in potatoes. Using potato suspension cell cultures, we observed an alkalinization response against various pathogen- and plant-derived elicitors in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also assessed the defense response against a variety of potato pathogens, such as protists (<italic>Phytophthora infestans</italic> and <italic>Spongospora subterranea</italic>) and fungi (<italic>Verticillium dahliae</italic> and <italic>Colletotrichum coccodes</italic>). Our results show that extracellular pH increases within 30 min in proportion to the number of pathogen spores added. Consistently with the alkalinization effect, the higher transcription level of several defense-related genes and production of reactive oxygen species was observed. Our results demonstrate that the alkalinization response is an effective marker to study early stages of defense response in potatoes.</p>