AUTHOR=Chmielowska-Bąk Jagna , Gzyl Jarosław , Rucińska-Sobkowiak Renata , Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena , Deckert Joanna 

TITLE=The new insights into cadmium sensing

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Plant Science

VOLUME=5

YEAR=2014

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2014.00245

DOI=10.3389/fpls.2014.00245

ISSN=1664-462X

ABSTRACT=<p>Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential heavy metal, which in excess, exhibits deleterious effects to the most of the organisms. Mobilization of defense mechanisms against this toxic agent requires rapid activation of signaling pathways. The article presents recent advances in the research concerning cadmium signal transduction in plants. New insights into the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), plant growth regulators, and Cd-induced protein modifications are reviewed. Moreover, the role of recently recognized Cd-associated signal elements, including micro RNAs and several <italic>cis</italic>- and <italic>trans</italic>-acting elements is discussed.</p>