Effects of Force-Oriented and Velocity-Oriented Conditioning Activities on Jump Height in Strength-Deficient Males

Dawid Koźlenia ^1* Žiga Kozinc ² Amador García Ramos ^3,4 Jarosław Domaradzki ¹

• ¹ Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
• ² Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
• ³ Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
• ⁴ Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception, Concepción, VIII Biobío Region, Chile

Various factors are known to influence the effectiveness of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocols. However if individual force-velocity (FV) profile may affect conditioning activity (CA) effects remain unclear. This study examined whether PAPE is influenced by addressing individual strength deficits, identified through force-velocity (FV) profiling, using either force-or velocity-oriented conditioning. Specifically, we (i) assessed the effectiveness of force-oriented (PAPE-F) and velocity-oriented (PAPE-V) protocols on acute JH performance in individuals with strength deficits, and (ii) investigated whether the magnitude of force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) is significantly associated with PAPE in JH. Twenty-five young (19-27 years), resistance-trained males (≥2 years of continuous training) with a strength deficit, determined by force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) in the squat jump (SJ), participated. They performed either three sets of five assisted jumps (PAPE-V; load reduced by 30% of body mass) or three four-second sets of maximal isometric contractions (PAPE-F), each with one minute rest. Jump height (JH) was measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 minutes post-CA. Three-way (group×condition×time) repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant effects of time (F =7.78; partial-η² =0.14; p<0.01) and condition×time (F=16.57; partial-η²=0.26; p<0.01) for JH. The Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significant within-group improvement after PAPE-F at 6 th minute (p<0.01; ES=0.32) and at 9 th minute (p<0.01; ES=0.33) compared to baseline, and after PAPE-V at 3 rd minute (p<0.01; ES=0.24), at 6 th minute (p<0.01; ES=0.36) and the 9 th minute (p<0.01; ES=0.30) compared to baseline. Linear regression models showed that individuals with lower FVimb exhibited greater PAPE effects following the PAPE-F protocol (β=0.63; R 2 =40; p=0.03), but no significant associations between these two variables were observed for the PAPE-V protocol (R 2 =0.19; p=0.53). These results suggest that individuals can obtain comparable acute JH improvements using force-or velocity-oriented CAs, although force-oriented CA may promote greater gains in individuals with lower FVimb.