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BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article

Front. Physiol.

Sec. Vascular Physiology

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1529113

Gene Expression Changes in Human Cerebral Arteries Following Hemoglobin Exposure: Implications for Vascular Responses in SAH

Provisionally accepted

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), characterized by the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) in the subarachnoid space, significantly impacts cerebral vessels, leading to various pathological outcomes. The toxicity of cell-free Hb released from erythrocytes and its metabolites after SAH causes vasoconstriction and neuronal damage, and correlates with delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND). While animal models have provided substantial and invaluable data in the research of aneurysmal SAH, the specific effects of subarachnoid blood on cerebral arteries remain greatly understudied. Here, we describe the changes in the genetic profile of human cerebral arteries exposed to free Hb for 48 hrs. We performed an ex vivo exposure, followed by mRNA sequencing of the vessels. Compared to controls 54 genes were downregulated, and 53 genes were upregulated in human cerebral arteries after Hb exposure. As expected, enrichment analysis identified the ferroptosis pathway as the most significantly affected. Further lipid peroxidation (LPO) assays and elevated ACSL4 gene expression suggest that this effect is mediated through ferroptosis. Additionally, Hb exposure altered key signaling pathways essential for vascular stability (PI3K-Akt, MAPK), modified G-protein signaling mediated by RGS1/2, and suppressed key transcription factors such as KLF5, NR4A1, and FOS. Our results underscore the critical role of Hb in driving pathological responses in brain vessels. Furthermore, our dataset could be valuable for developing interventions after SAH and may help identify the underlying causes of vascular injury.

    Keywords: Brain vessels, Cerebral Arteries, Hemoglobin, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, vascular injury, ferroptosis

    Received: 16 Nov 2024; Accepted: 17 Mar 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Chathathayil Mohammedali, Harmanci, Thomas, Dienel, McBride, Thankamani Pandit and Blackburn. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Peeyush Kumar Thankamani Pandit, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
    Spiros Lee Blackburn, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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