The effect of performing mental exertion during cycling endurance exercise on fatigue indices: sex dependent differences

Hamid Amoozi ^1,2 Hamidreza Barzegarpoor ^2,3 Hamid Rajabi ⁴ Duane C Button ^1,5* Rana Fayazmilani ^6*

• ¹ School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
• ² Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
• ³ Recovery and performance laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, L.A. Miller Center, Memorial university of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
• ⁴ Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
• ⁵ Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, St. John's, Canada
• ⁶ Department of Sport Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran

Men and women have different performance abilities, where women have greater tolerance for fatigue in long-distance exercise. Part of this greater tolerance may also be due differences in men's and women's mental fatigue capacity during exercise. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of cycling endurance exercise, along with mental fatigue, on the sex-dependent differences in exercise tolerance. Twenty-five recreational cyclists (15 women and 10 men) in a randomized, controlled, and crossover protocol performed three experimental sessions. In the first session, the cycling peak power output (PPO) was determined and 65% of PPO was used for intensity of the experimental sessions. In sessions 2 and 3, participants performed Cycling+Mental Exertion (ME) (cycling endurance exercise with a ME-stroop task) and Cycling+Movie (cycling endurance exercise while watching a movie). Serum cortisol concentration and a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) were measured pre-and post-sessions. During the experimental sessions rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) were recorded every 10 minutes and participants completed the NASA-TLX questionnaire directly following the post-PVT. Performing Cycling+ME was associated with a longer time to exhaustion (p<0.05) and higher RPE following 40 to 70 minutes in women than men (p<0.05). Cycling+ME increased HR following 40 to 70 minutes in women (p<0.05). For both men and women cortisol concentration level was higher preto post Cycling+ME with no difference between sexes. Women exhibited faster reaction times compared to men in both pre-and post-sessions. Performing mental exertion with cycling endurance exercise impairs endurance performance. While our findings align with some previous research, we suggest that men may be more prone to mental fatigue; however, further research needed to confirm this.