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REVIEW article

Front. Physiol.
Sec. Vascular Physiology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1443604
This article is part of the Research Topic Mechanotransduction in Vascular Development and Disease View all 8 articles

Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Vascular Encephalopathy: Breaking the Vicious Cycle for Therapeutic Intervention

Provisionally accepted
Volodymyr I. Lushchak Volodymyr I. Lushchak 1*Tetiana R. Dmytriv Tetiana R. Dmytriv 1Khrystyna Duve Khrystyna Duve 2Kenneth B. Storey Kenneth B. Storey 3
  • 1 Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivs’k, Ukraine
  • 2 Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine
  • 3 Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Chronic vascular encephalopathy (CVE) is a frequent cause of vascular mild cognitive impairment and dementia, which significantly worsens the quality of life, especially in the elderly population. CVE occurs as a result of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by prolonged limited blood flow to the brain. This causes insufficient oxygenation of the brain leading to hypoxia. The latter triggers a series of events associated with the development of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, causing neurodegeneration. This review is focused on the significance of these processes in the pathophysiology of CVE. We consider the molecular mechanisms of oxidative and reductive stresses induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation and the development of neuroinflammation in CVE, combining them into a vicious cycle of neurodegeneration. We also discuss the prospects of using sulforaphane, an isocyanate common in cruciferous plants, and vitamin D to break the vicious cycle and alleviate the cognitive impairments characteristic of patients with CVE.

    Keywords: ROS, DAMPs, Microglia, NF-κB, Inflammasome, Vicious cycle

    Received: 04 Jun 2024; Accepted: 23 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Lushchak, Dmytriv, Duve and Storey. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Volodymyr I. Lushchak, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivs’k, Ukraine

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.