AUTHOR=Tee Chris Chow Li , Chong Mee Chee , Cooke Matthew B. , Rahmat Nurhamizah , Yeo Wee Kian , Camera Donny M. 

TITLE=Effects of exercise modality combined with moderate hypoxia on blood glucose regulation in adults with overweight

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1396108

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2024.1396108

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Purpose:</bold> This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of moderate hypoxia with three different exercise modes on glucose regulation in healthy overweight adults.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Thirteen overweight males (age: 31 ± 4 years; body fat 26.3 ± 3.2%) completed three exercise trials in a randomized crossover design involving 60 min cycling exercise at 90% lactate threshold (LOW), sprint interval training (20 × 4 s all-out; SIT) and lower limb functional bodyweight exercises (8 sets of 4 × 20 s; FEX) under moderate hypoxia (FiO<sub>2</sub> = 16.5%). Post-exercise oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed following each trial. Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES), and perceptual measures were recorded during each exercise session. Venous blood was collected pre-, immediately post-, and 24 h post-exercise and analysed for plasma glucose and insulin, incremental area under curve (iAUC), and circulating microRNA expression (c-miRs-486-5p, -126-5p, and -21-5p). Interstitial glucose concentrations were measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Post-exercise OGTT iAUC for plasma glucose and insulin concentration were lower in SIT and LOW vs. control (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) while post-exercise interstitial glucose iAUC and c-miRs were not different between exercise modes. Heart rate was greater in SIT vs. LOW and FEX, and FEX vs. LOW (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), SpO<sub>2</sub> was lower in SIT, while PACES was not different between exercise modes. Perceptual measures were greater in SIT vs. LOW and FEX.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Acute SIT and LOW under moderate hypoxia improved post-exercise plasma insulin compared to FEX exercises. Considering SIT was also time-efficient, well tolerated, and enjoyable for participants, this may be the preferred exercise modality for improving glucose regulation in adult males with overweight when combined with moderate hypoxia.</p>