AUTHOR=Wang Tian , Chen Yingying , Wang Bo , Wu Mingfu 

TITLE=Recent progress of second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence microscopy in bioimaging

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1126805

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2023.1126805

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p>Visualizing biological tissues <italic>in vivo</italic> at a cellular or subcellular resolution to explore molecular signaling and cell behaviors is a crucial direction for research into biological processes. <italic>In vivo</italic> imaging can provide quantitative and dynamic visualization/mapping in biology and immunology. New microscopy techniques combined with near-infrared region fluorophores provide additional avenues for further progress <italic>in vivo</italic> bioimaging. Based on the development of chemical materials and physical optoelectronics, new NIR-II microscopy techniques are emerging, such as confocal and multiphoton microscopy, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), and wide-field microscopy. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of <italic>in vivo</italic> imaging using NIR-II fluorescence microscopy. We also cover the recent advances in NIR-II fluorescence microscopy techniques in bioimaging and the potential for overcoming current challenges.</p>