AUTHOR=Laaksi Akseli , Laaksi Ilkka , Pihlajamäki Harri , Vaara Jani P. , Luukkaala Tiina , Kyröläinen Heikki 

TITLE=Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with physical performance and anabolic hormones in young men

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1049503

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2023.1049503

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Purpose:</bold> The present study examined the association of vitamin D measured by serum 25(OH)D with physical performance outcomes and serum levels of anabolic hormones in young men.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> 412 young men (age 19 ± 1 year) entering their compulsory military service volunteered to participate in the study. The study consisted of two groups from two different military bases: Group A was studied in January and group B in July. The groups were first compared with each other and due to statistically significant (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001 analyzed with independent samples <italic>t</italic>-test) differences in physical condition (sit-up, push-up, and standing long jump-tests and testosterone levels) between the groups, groups were analyzed separately. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, testosterone (TES), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Physical performance tests consisted of muscular fitness (sit-ups, push-ups, standing long jump) and aerobic fitness (12-minute-running) tests. The association of serum 25(OH)D with physical performance tests and anabolic hormones was analyzed using linear regression.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> After controlling for the group, body mass index, and leisure-time physical activity, serum 25(OH)D level was positively associated with aerobic and muscular fitness (<italic>β</italic> = 0.15–0.20, all <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Also, the participants with sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (≥75 nmol/L) had better aerobic and muscular fitness and higher TES in group B, and better upper extremity muscular fitness in group A (all <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). In group A, there were 166 participants with serum levels of 25(OH) D &lt; 75 nmol/L and 18 ≥ 75 nmol/L. In group B, the amounts were 92 (&lt;75 nmol/L) and 136 (≥75 nmol/L), respectively.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with both aerobic and muscular fitness and those with sufficient vitamin D levels, had higher levels of TES. Thus, maintaining a sufficient serum 25(OH)D level may be beneficial for physical performance and anabolic state in young men.</p>