AUTHOR=Dufour-Gaume Frédérique , Frescaline Nadira , Cardona Venetia , Prat Nicolas J. TITLE=Danger signals in traumatic hemorrhagic shock and new lines for clinical applications JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.999011 DOI=10.3389/fphys.2022.999011 ISSN=1664-042X ABSTRACT=

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in severe trauma injuries. When organs or tissues are subjected to prolonged hypoxia, danger signals—known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)—are released into the intercellular environment. The endothelium is both the target and a major provider of damage-associated molecular patterns, which are directly involved in immuno-inflammatory dysregulation and the associated tissue suffering. Although damage-associated molecular patterns release begins very early after trauma, this release and its consequences continue beyond the initial treatment. Here we review a few examples of damage-associated molecular patterns to illustrate their pathophysiological roles, with emphasis on emerging therapeutic interventions in the context of severe trauma. Therapeutic intervention administered at precise points during damage-associated molecular patterns release may have beneficial effects by calming the inflammatory storm triggered by traumatic hemorrhagic shock.