AUTHOR=Zu Wu , Li Chen-Chen , Wang Xin-Yu , Li Qiu-Shi , Liu Bing 

TITLE=Association of uric acid levels with cardiac syndrome X: A meta-analysis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.976190

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2022.976190

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objective:</bold> The pathogenesis of elevated uric acid (UA) levels in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is unclear, and the results presented in recent papers on UA levels in patients with CSX are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta- analysis to assess the relationship between UA levels and CSX.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Three databases, including the Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed, were systematically searched until January 2022. Fixed-effect and random-effects models were used to analyze the relationship between UA levels and CSX. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Six studies involving 406 CSX patients and 267 non-CSX were included. Our results showed a significant relationship between UA levels and CSX, with a pooled SMD of 0.68 (95% CI 0.37 to 1.00; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001). We also found a close relationship between UA levels and CSX for patients ≥ 55 years old (SMD:0.70, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.99, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.00001), for patients &lt; 55 years old (SMD: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.12, <italic>p</italic> =0 .002), for women ≥ 60% (SMD: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.14, <italic>p</italic> =0 .0004), for women &lt; 60% (SMD: 0.61, 95% CI:0.23 to 0.98, <italic>p</italic> =0 .001), for BMI ≥ 28 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SMD :0.61, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.98, <italic>p</italic> =0 .001), for BMI &lt; 28 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SMD:0.75, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.19, <italic>p</italic> =0 .0009), for publication years ≥ 2012 (SMD :0.69, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.15, <italic>p</italic> = 0.003), for publication years &lt; 2012 (SMD:0.73, 95% CI:0.41 to 1.05, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.00001), and for Turkey (SMD:0.75, 95% CI:0.38 to 1.11, <italic>p</italic> &lt;.0001). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled results remained consistent after removing any one study or converting the random-effects model to fixed-effects model.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Our results indicated a strong association between high UA levels and CSX. However, more well-designed studies are needed to investigate whether early treatment of hyperuricemia can reduce the incidence of CSX.</p>