AUTHOR=Silva-Reis Anamei , Rodrigues Brandao-Rangel Maysa Alves , Moraes-Ferreira Renilson , Gonçalves-Alves Thiago Gibson , Souza-Palmeira Victor Hugo , Aquino-Santos Helida Cristina , Bachi Andre Luis Lacerda , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco de , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão , Oliveira-Silva Iranse , Albertini Regiane , Frison Claudio Ricardo , Vieira Rodolfo P 

TITLE=Combined resistance and aerobic training improves lung function and mechanics and fibrotic biomarkers in overweight and obese women

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.946402

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2022.946402

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Obesity impairs lung function and mechanics and leads to low-grade inflammation, but the effects of combined physical exercise (CPE) on that are unknown.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of combined physical exercise (aerobic + resistance training), in non-obese (<italic>n</italic> = 12), overweight (<italic>n</italic> = 17), and obese grade I (<italic>n</italic> = 11) women. Lung function and lung mechanics were evaluated. The systemic immune response was evaluated by whole blood analysis and biomarker measurements, while pulmonary fibrotic biomarkers were evaluated in the breath condensate.</p><p><bold>Result:</bold> CPE improved forced vital capacity (FVC) % (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) % (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0003) in the obese group; resistance of the respiratory system (R5Hz) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0099), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0005), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) groups; resistance of proximal airways (R20Hz) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0009), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) groups; resistance of distal airways (R5Hz–R20Hz) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0012), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) groups; reactance of the respiratory system (X5Hz) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0006), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0005) groups; impedance of the respiratory system (Z5Hz) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0099), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0005), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) groups; central resistance (RCentral) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0003) groups; and the peripheral resistance (RPeripheral) in non-obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.03), overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0002) groups. CPE reduced the pro-fibrotic IGF-1 levels in BC in overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0094) and obese groups (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) and increased anti-fibrotic Klotho levels in BC in obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) groups, and reduced levels of exhaled nitric oxide in overweight (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.03) and obese (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001) groups.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> CPE improves lung function, mechanics, and pulmonary immune response in overweight and obese grade I women by increasing anti-fibrotic protein Klotho and reducing pro-fibrotic IGF-1.</p>