AUTHOR=Liu Xiao-Mei , Wang Ke , Zhu Zheng , Cao Zhen-Bo 

TITLE=Compensatory effects of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity, appetite, and energy intake in normal weight and overweight adults

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.932846

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2022.932846

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Objectives:</bold> To examine compensatory changes of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), appetite, and energy intake (EI) in normal and overweight adults, and to determine if different body mass index of individuals interact with these compensatory effects.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Ten normal weight adults (nine females and one male; age: 24.0 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 20.7 ± 0.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and ten overweight adults (six females and four males; age: 24.5 ± 0.9 years; BMI: 25.9 ± 0.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) participated in this study. The participants completed two exercise trials: short-duration continuous training (SDCT) and long-duration continuous training (LDCT), i.e., a 40 min short-duration and an 80 min long-duration continuous training in a randomized order. Total physical activity and NEPA were monitored using an accelerometer for seven consecutive days, which involved a two-day baseline observation period (C-pre-Ex), three-day exercise intervention period (Ex), and two-day follow-up period (C-post-Ex). Blood samples were collected for appetite-related hormone analysis. Appetite score was assessed using the visual analogue scale. Energy intake was evaluated by weighing the food and recording diaries.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The NEPA evaluation showed that it was higher for SDCT than for LDCT in the C-post-Ex period (F (1, 19) = 8.508, <italic>p</italic> = 0.009) in the total sample. Moreover, results also indicated that NEPA was lower for LDCT (F (2, 18) = 6.316, <italic>p</italic> = 0.020) and higher for SDCT (F (2, 18) = 3.889, <italic>p</italic> = 0.026) in the C-post-Ex period than in the C-pre-Ex and Ex periods in overweight group. Acyl-ghrelin revealed a main effect of time in the total sample and in normal weight and overweight groups; it was lower in the C-post-Ex period than in the C-pre-Ex and Ex periods (all <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Total EI analysis revealed no significant changes in either the total sample or in the normal weight and overweight groups.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> These findings demonstrate that short duration exercise led to a compensatory increment in NEPA, whereas long duration exercise induced a compensatory decrease in NEPA. Moreover, there was a higher and delayed compensatory response in overweight adults than in normal weight adults. Nevertheless, energy intake was not changed across time, regardless of exercise duration.</p>