AUTHOR=Tamalunas Alexander , Wendt Amin , Springer Florian , Ciotkowska Anna , Rutz Beata , Wang Ruixiao , Huang Ru , Liu Yuhan , Schulz Heiko , Ledderose Stephan , Magistro Giuseppe , Stief Christian G. , Hennenberg Martin 

TITLE=Inhibition of Human Prostate and Bladder Smooth Muscle Contraction, Vasoconstriction of Porcine Renal and Coronary Arteries, and Growth-Related Functions of Prostate Stromal Cells by Presumed Small Molecule Gαq/11 Inhibitor, YM-254890

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.884057

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2022.884057

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Introduction:</bold> Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) involve benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and overactive bladder (OAB). Standard-of-care medical treatment includes α<sub>1</sub>-blockers and antimuscarinics for reduction of prostate and detrusor smooth muscle tone, respectively, and 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARI) to prevent prostate growth. Current medications are marked by high discontinuation rates due to unfavourable balance between efficacy and treatment-limiting side effects, ranging from dry mouth for antimuscarinics to cardiovascular dysregulation and a tendency to fall for α<sub>1</sub>-blockers, which results from hypotension, due to vasorelaxation. Agonist-induced smooth muscle contractions are caused by activation of receptor-coupled G-proteins. However, little is known about receptor- and organ-specific differences in coupling to G-proteins. With YM-254890, a small molecule inhibitor with presumed specificity for Gα<sub>q/11</sub> became recently available. Here, we investigated effects of YM-254890 on prostate, bladder and vascular smooth muscle contraction, and on growth-related functions in prostate stromal cells.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Contractions of human prostate and detrusor tissues, porcine renal and coronary arteries were induced in an organ bath. Proliferation (EdU assay), growth (colony formation), apoptosis and cell death (flow cytometry), viability (CCK-8) and actin organization (phalloidin staining) were studied in cultured human prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1).</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Contractions by α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic agonists, U46619, endothelin-1, and neurogenic contractions were nearly completely inhibited by YM-254890 (30 nM) in prostate tissues. Contractions by cholinergic agonists, U46619, endothelin-1, and neurogenic contractions were only partly inhibited in detrusor tissues. Contractions by α<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic agonists, U46619, endothelin-1, and neurogenic contractions were strongly, but not fully inhibited in renal arteries. Contractions by cholinergic agonists were completely, but by U46619 and endothelin-1 only strongly inhibited, and neurogenic contractions reduced by half in coronary arteries. YM-254890 had no effect on agonist-independent contractions induced by highmolar (80 mM) potassium chloride (KCl). Neurogenic detrusor contractions were fully sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In WPMY-1 cells, YM-254890 caused breakdown of actin polymerization and organization, and obvious, but clearly limited decreases of proliferation rate, colony formation and viability, and slightly increased apoptosis.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Intracellular post-receptor signaling pathways are shared by Gα<sub>q</sub>-coupled contractile receptors in multiple smooth muscle-rich organs, but to different extent. While inhibition of Gα<sub>q/11</sub> causes actin breakdown, anti-proliferative effects were detectable but clearly limited. Together this may aid in developing future pharmaceutical targets for LUTS and antihypertensive medication.</p>