AUTHOR=Ke Chen , Meilin Chen , Guangzhi Ma , Yuqin Fan , Lin Liu , Weiting Chen 

TITLE=Endocrine disruptors affect the expression of estrogen receptor genes and proteins in the white cloud mountain minnow Tanichthys albonubes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.1020840

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2022.1020840

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p>The endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, and it has raised wide public concern because of the dangers of EDCs for living organisms and the environment. In order to comparatively study the effects of EDCs [17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE<sub>2</sub>), Bisphenol A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP)] on the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs: <italic>erα, erβ1, and erβ2</italic>) at mRNA and protein level, total 520 adult <italic>Tanichthys albonubes</italic> were exposed to E<sub>2</sub>, EE<sub>2</sub>, BPA and NP with three concentrations respectively: EE<sub>2</sub> (1, 5, 25 ng/l), NP (10, 50, 250 μg/l), BPA (100, 500, 2,500 μg/l) for 28 days, E<sub>2</sub> (2, 20, 200 ng/l) being as the positive control. After treatment, the brain, eye, gill, heart, liver, gut, kidney, muscle, testis, and ovary were collected, following by the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot methods to detect the expression levels of <italic>erα</italic>, <italic>erβ1</italic>, and <italic>erβ2</italic> in <italic>T.albonubes</italic> at mRNA and protein level. Our results showed that high expression of <italic>terα (t means T.albonubes), terβ1</italic>, and <italic>terβ2</italic> were detected in liver, while <italic>terβ1</italic> and <italic>terβ2</italic> mainly expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney, muscle and testis. EE<sub>2</sub>, BPA, and NP treatment all up-regulated the expression of <italic>terα, terβ1</italic>, and <italic>terβ2</italic> in the brain, liver, and testis, but with some variations. Similar to mRNA level, both TERα and TERβ were up-regulated by all the EE<sub>2</sub>, BPA, and NP treatment with dose-dependent effect. In conclusion, the responses of ERs of <italic>T.albonubes</italic> to the EDCs present measurability and susceptibility, which make it possible for <italic>T. albonubes</italic> to be an efficient biomarker to monitor and evaluate the pollution of endocrine disrupting chemicals in water environment.</p>