AUTHOR=Fernández Javier , Fernández-Sanjurjo Manuel , Iglesias-Gutiérrez Eduardo , Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Villar Claudio J. , Tomás-Zapico Cristina , Fernández-García Benjamin , Lombó Felipe 

TITLE=Resistance and Endurance Exercise Training Induce Differential Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Murine Models

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.748854

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2021.748854

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> The effect of resistance training on gut microbiota composition has not been explored, despite the evidence about endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of resistance and endurance training on gut microbiota composition in mice.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Cecal samples were collected from 26 C57BL/6N mice, divided into three groups: sedentary (CTL), endurance training on a treadmill (END), and resistance training on a vertical ladder (RES). After 2 weeks of adaption, mice were trained for 4 weeks, 5 days/week. Maximal endurance and resistance capacity test were performed before and after training. Genomic DNA was extracted and 16S Ribosomal RNA sequenced for metagenomics analysis. The percentages for each phylum, class, order, family, or genus/species were obtained using an open-source bioinformatics pipeline.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> END showed higher diversity and evenness. Significant differences among groups in microbiota composition were only observed at genera and species level. END showed a significantly higher relative abundance of <italic>Desulfovibrio</italic> and <italic>Desulfovibrio</italic> sp., while <italic>Clostridium</italic> and <italic>C. cocleatum</italic> where higher for RES. Trained mice showed significantly lower relative abundance of <italic>Ruminococcus gnavus</italic> and higher of the genus <italic>Parabacteroides</italic> compared to CTL. We explored the relationship between relative taxa abundance and maximal endurance and resistance capacities after the training period. <italic>Lachnospiraceae</italic> and <italic>Lactobacillaceae</italic> families were negatively associated with endurance performance, while several taxa, including <italic>Prevotellaceae</italic> family, <italic>Prevotella</italic> genus, and <italic>Akkermansia muciniphila</italic>, were positively correlated. About resistance performance, <italic>Desulfovibrio</italic> sp. was negatively correlated, while <italic>Alistipes</italic> showed a positive correlation.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Resistance and endurance training differentially modify gut microbiota composition in mice, under a high-controlled environment. Interestingly, taxa associated with anti- and proinflammatory responses presented the same pattern after both models of exercise. Furthermore, the abundance of several taxa was differently related to maximal endurance or resistance performance, most of them did not respond to training.</p>