AUTHOR=Sahanic Sabina , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Tymoszuk Piotr , Hilbe Richard , Demetz Egon , Masanetz Rebecca K , Theurl Markus , Holfeld Johannes , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Tzankov Alexandar , Weiss Guenter , Giera Martin , Tancevski Ivan TITLE=The Role of Innate Immunity and Bioactive Lipid Mediators in COVID-19 and Influenza JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.688946 DOI=10.3389/fphys.2021.688946 ISSN=1664-042X ABSTRACT=

In this review, we discuss spatiotemporal kinetics and inflammatory signatures of innate immune cells specifically found in response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to influenza virus infection. Importantly, we cover the current understanding on the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may fail to engage a coordinated type I response and instead may lead to exaggerated inflammation and death. This knowledge is central for the understanding of available data on specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection pointing toward inhibited E-series resolvin synthesis in severe cases. By investigating a publicly available RNA-seq database of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients affected by COVID-19, we moreover offer insights into the regulation of key enzymes involved in lipid mediator synthesis, critically complementing the current knowledge about the mediator lipidome in severely affected patients. This review finally discusses different potential approaches to sustain the synthesis of 3-PUFA-derived pro-resolving lipid mediators, including resolvins and lipoxins, which may critically aid in the prevention of acute lung injury and death from COVID-19.