AUTHOR=Silva Heloina Nathalliê Mariano da , Covatti Caroline , Rocha Guilherme Luiz da , Mizobuti Daniela Sayuri , Mâncio Rafael Dias , Hermes Túlio de Almeida , Kido Larissa Akemi , Cagnon Valéria Helena Alves , Pereira Elaine Cristina Leite , Minatel Elaine 

TITLE=Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Activators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Tempol Targets in the Diaphragm Muscle of Exercise Trained-mdx Mice

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.649793

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2021.649793

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p>The <italic>mdx</italic> mouse phenotype aggravated by chronic exercise on a treadmill makes this murine model more reliable for the study of muscular dystrophy. Thus, to better assess the Tempol effect on dystrophic pathways, the analyses in this study were performed in the blood samples and diaphragm muscle from treadmill trained adult (7–11-weeks old) <italic>mdx</italic> animals. The m<italic>dx</italic> mice were divided into three groups: <italic>mdxSed</italic>, sedentary controls (<italic>n</italic> = 28); <italic>mdx</italic>Ex, exercise-trained animals (<italic>n</italic> = 28); and <italic>mdx</italic>Ex+T, exercise-trained animals with the Tempol treatment (<italic>n</italic> = 28). The results demonstrated that the Tempol treatment promoted muscle strength gain, prevented muscle damage, reduced the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis regulator, and up regulated the activators of mitochondrial biogenesis. The main new findings of this study are that Tempol reduced the NF-κB and increased the PGC1-α and PPARδ levels in the exercise-trained-<italic>mdx</italic> mice, which are probably related to the ability of this antioxidant to scavenge excessive ROS. These results reinforce the use of Tempol as a potential therapeutic strategy in DMD.</p>