AUTHOR=Kılıç Kıvılcım , Desjardins Michèle , Tang Jianbo , Thunemann Martin , Sunil Smrithi , Erdener Şefik Evren , Postnov Dmitry D. , Boas David A. , Devor Anna 

TITLE=Chronic Cranial Windows for Long Term Multimodal Neurovascular Imaging in Mice

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.612678

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2020.612678

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p>Chronic cranial windows allow for longitudinal brain imaging experiments in awake, behaving mice. Different imaging technologies have their unique advantages and combining multiple imaging modalities offers measurements of a wide spectrum of neuronal, glial, vascular, and metabolic parameters needed for comprehensive investigation of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we detail a suite of surgical techniques for installation of different cranial windows targeted for specific imaging technologies and their combination. Following these techniques and practices will yield higher experimental success and reproducibility of results.</p>