AUTHOR=Liu Haohao , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Shenshen , Huang Hui , Wu Jinxia , Wang Yueqin , Yuan Le , Liu Chuanrui , Zeng Xin , Cheng Xuemin , Zhuang Donggang , Zhang Huizhen TITLE=Oxidative Stress Mediates Microcystin-LR-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in KK-1 Cells and C57BL/6 Mice Ovaries JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology VOLUME=9 YEAR=2018 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.01058 DOI=10.3389/fphys.2018.01058 ISSN=1664-042X ABSTRACT=
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide intracellular toxin released by cyanobacteria that exhibits strong reproductive toxicity. However, little is known about its biotoxicity to the female reproductive system. The present study investigates unexplored molecular pathways by which oxidative stress acts on MC-LR-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) and autophagy. In the present study, immortalized murine ovarian granular cells (KK-1 cells) were exposed to 8.5, 17, and 34 μg/mL (IC50) of MC-LR with or without