AUTHOR=Pang Liangyue , Zhi Qinghui , Zhuang Peilin , Yu Lixia , Tao Ye , Lin Huancai 

TITLE=Variation in Enamel Formation Genes Influences Enamel Demineralization In Vitro in a Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Model

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00851

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2017.00851

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p>Genetic studies have shown that variations in enamel formation genes are associated with caries susceptibility. The aim of this study was to test <italic>in vitro</italic> whether variants in these genes are associated with dental enamel demineralization in a <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic> biofilm model. DNA and enamel samples were obtained from 213 individuals. DNA was extracted from saliva, and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. The physical and chemical properties of sound enamel samples and the mineral loss and the lesion depth of the demineralized enamel samples under cariogenic challenge were analyzed. Microhardness, enamel chemicals, mineral loss and demineralization depth were compared between different genotypes at each single nucleotide polymorphism. The GG genotype of <italic>TUFT1</italic> (rs17640579) and the GT genotype of <italic>MMP20</italic> (rs1612069) exhibited increased microhardness (<italic>p</italic> = 0.044 and 0.016, respectively). The GG genotype of <italic>AMBN</italic> (rs7694409) had a higher magnesium level, while the CT genotype of <italic>TFIP11</italic> (rs2097470) had a lower magnesium level (<italic>p</italic> = 0.044 and 0.046, respectively). The GT genotype of <italic>MMP20</italic> (rs1612069) had a higher calcium level (<italic>p</italic> = 0.034). The GG genotype of <italic>AMBN</italic> (rs13115627), the AG genotype of <italic>ENAM</italic> (rs12640848) and the AA genotype of <italic>MMP20</italic> (rs2292730) had a lower phosphorus level (<italic>p</italic> = 0.012, 0.006, and 0.023, respectively). The GG genotype of <italic>AMBN</italic> (rs13115627) was also associated with a higher calcium-phosphorus ratio (<italic>p</italic> = 0.034). Individuals with the CC genotype of <italic>TFIP11</italic> (rs134143) exhibited significantly more mineral loss (<italic>p</italic> = 0.011) and a deeper lesions (<italic>p</italic> = 0.042). Individuals with the TT genotype of <italic>TFIP11</italic> (rs2097470) had more mineral loss (<italic>p</italic> = 0.018). Individuals with the GG genotype of <italic>TUFT1</italic> (rs17640579) exhibited a shallower demineralization depth (<italic>p</italic> = 0.047). Individuals with the GT genotype of <italic>MMP20</italic> (rs1612069) exhibited a shallower demineralization depth (<italic>p</italic> = 0.042). Individuals with the GG genotype of <italic>ENAM</italic> (rs12640848) exhibited less mineral loss (<italic>p</italic> = 0.01) and a shallower demineralization depth (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03). Genetic variations in <italic>TFIP11, TUFT1, MMP20</italic>, and <italic>ENAM</italic> influenced enamel demineralization in a <italic>Streptococcus mutans</italic> biofilm model.</p>