AUTHOR=Yang Jieping , Summanen Paula H., Henning Susanne M., Hsu Mark , Lam Hei Man , Huang Jianjun , Tseng Chi-Hong , Dowd Scot E., Finegold Sydney M., Heber David , Li Zhaoping 

TITLE=Xylooligosaccharide supplementation alters gut bacteria in both healthy and prediabetic adults: a pilot study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physiology

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2015.00216

DOI=10.3389/fphys.2015.00216

ISSN=1664-042X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> It has been suggested that gut microbiota is altered in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients.</p><p><bold>Objective:</bold> This study was to evaluate the effect of the prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS) on the gut microbiota in both healthy and prediabetic (Pre-DM) subjects, as well as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Pre-DM.</p><p><bold>Subjects/Methods:</bold> Pre-DM (<italic>n</italic> = 13) or healthy (<italic>n</italic> = 16) subjects were randomized to receive 2 g/day XOS or placebo for 8-weeks. In Pre-DM subjects, body composition and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done at baseline and week 8. Stool from Pre-DM and healthy subjects at baseline and week 8 was analyzed for gut microbiota characterization using Illumina MiSeq sequencing.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> We identified 40 Pre-DM associated bacterial taxa. Among them, the abundance of the genera <italic>Enterorhabdus, Howardella</italic>, and <italic>Slackia</italic> was higher in Pre-DM. XOS significantly decreased or reversed the increase in abundance of <italic>Howardella, Enterorhabdus</italic>, and <italic>Slackia</italic> observed in healthy or Pre-DM subjects. Abundance of the species <italic>Blautia hydrogenotrophica</italic> was lower in pre-DM subjects, while XOS increased its abundance. In Pre-DM, XOS showed a tendency to reduce OGTT 2-h insulin levels (<italic>P</italic> = 0.13), but had no effect on body composition, HOMA-IR, serum glucose, triglyceride, satiety hormones, and TNFα.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> This is the first clinical observation of modifications of the gut microbiota by XOS in both healthy and Pre-DM subjects in a pilot study. Prebiotic XOS may be beneficial in reversing changes in the gut microbiota during the development of diabetes.</p><p><bold>Clinical trial registration:</bold> NCT01944904 (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01944904" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01944904</ext-link>).</p>