AUTHOR=Tosca Marco , Molloy Daniel , McNamee Aaron , Pleskunov Pavel , Protsak Mariia , Biliak Kateryna , Nikitin Daniil , Kousal Jaroslav , Krtouš Zdeněk , Hanyková Lenka , Hanuš Jan , Biederman Hynek , Foster Temour , Nersisyan Gagik , Martin Philip , Ho Chloe , Macková Anna , Mikšová Romana , Borghesi Marco , Kar Satyabrata , Istokskaia Valeriia , Levy Yoann , Picciotto Antonino , Giuffrida Lorenzo , Margarone Daniele , Choukourov Andrei TITLE=Plasma polymers as targets for laser-driven proton-boron fusion JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics VOLUME=11 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1227140 DOI=10.3389/fphy.2023.1227140 ISSN=2296-424X ABSTRACT=

Laser-driven proton-boron (pB) fusion has been gaining significant interest for energetic alpha particles production because of its neutron-less nature. This approach requires the use of B- and H-rich materials as targets, and common practice is the use of BN and conventional polymers. In this work, we chose plasma-assisted vapour phase deposition to prepare films of oligoethylenes (plasma polymers) on Boron Nitride BN substrates as an advanced alternative. The r.f. power delivered to the plasma was varied between 0 and 50 W to produce coatings with different crosslink density and hydrogen content, while maintaining the constant thickness of 1 μm. The chemical composition, including the hydrogen concentration, was investigated using XPS and RBS/ERDA, whereas the surface topography was analyzed using SEM and AFM. We triggered the pB nuclear fusion reaction focusing laser pulses from two different systems (i.e., the TARANIS multi-TW laser at the Queen’s University Belfast (United Kingdom) and the PERLA B 10-GW laser system at the HiLASE center in Prague (Czech Republic)) directly onto these targets. We achieved a yield up to 108 and 104 alpha particles/sr using the TARANIS and PERLA B lasers, respectively. Radiative-hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell PIC simulations were performed to understand the laser-target interaction and retrieve the energy spectra of the protons. The nuclear collisional algorithm implemented in the WarpX PIC code was used to identify the region where pB fusion occurs. Taken together, the results suggest a complex relationship between the hydrogen content, target morphology, and structure of the plasma polymer, which play a crucial role in laser absorption, target expansion, proton acceleration and ultimately nuclear fusion reactions in the plasma.