AUTHOR=Chen Xinqiao , Dai Siyuan , Li Zhihan , Liu Xiaorui , Chen Xu , Xiao Huaibao 

TITLE=Filterless frequency 32-tupling millimeter-wave generation based on two cascaded dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulators

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1212482

DOI=10.3389/fphy.2023.1212482

ISSN=2296-424X

ABSTRACT=<p>This study proposed a novel scheme for filterless frequency 32-tupling millimeter wave (MMW) generation based on two cascaded dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulators (DPMZMs). When the MZMs are biased on a maximum transmission point and the phase difference of the radio frequency (RF) driving voltage between the two MZMs in DPMZM is <inline-formula id="inf1"><mml:math id="m1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, the DPMZM can be used as a quadrupler, which can generate ±4n-order optical sidebands. When the phase difference of the RF driving voltage between the two DPMZMs is <inline-formula id="inf2"><mml:math id="m2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, the two cascaded DPMZMs can be used as an octupler, which can generate ±8n-order optical sidebands. After the ±8th-order optical sidebands are suppressed by adjusting the modulation index of MZMs, the center carrier is suppressed by a polarization multiplexing structure, and the ±8n (<italic>n</italic> &gt; 2) sidebands are ignored because their amplitudes are very small. The main optical components remaining in the output of the two cascaded DPMZMs are ±16<sup>th</sup>-order optical sidebands, which are beaten in the photodetector to obtain frequency 32-tupling MMW. The theoretical and experimental optical sideband suppression ratios (OSSRs) and radio frequency spurious suppression ratios (RFSSRs) are 53.7 dB and 53.53 dB and 47.7 dB and 47.33 dB, respectively. The experimental and theoretical analysis is consistent, which verifies the feasibility of the scheme. The influence on the OSSR and RFSSR of the generated signals by the extinction ratio and DC bias drift of the MZMs, the initial phases and the amplitudes of the RF drive signal, and the azimuth of the polarization controller (PC) are investigated.</p>