AUTHOR=Isshiki Hironari , Budai Nico , Otani YoshiChika TITLE=Magneto-thermoelectric effects mapping using tip-induced temperature gradient in atomic force microscopy JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics VOLUME=11 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1205556 DOI=10.3389/fphy.2023.1205556 ISSN=2296-424X ABSTRACT=

Mapping magneto-thermoelectric effects, such as the anomalous Nernst effect, are crucial to optimize devices that convert thermal energy to electric energy. In this article, we show the methodology to realize this based on a technique we recently established using atomic force microscopy, in which a tip contact on the surface locally creates the temperature gradient. We can map the non-magnetic Seebeck and anomalous Nernst effects separately by investigating the magnetic field dependence. The simulation based on a simple heat transfer model between the tip and sample quantitatively explains our results. We estimated the magnitude of the anomalous Nernst effect in permalloy from the experiment and simulation to be ∼0.10 μV/K.