AUTHOR=Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , Mukdasai Kanit , Singh Manoj , Singh Abha , Mohan Chandika Rama , Galal Ahmed M. , Eldin Sayed M. 

TITLE=Transportation of Fe3O4-SiO2-Al2O3/EO and SiO2-Al2O3/EO nanoparticles in magnetized Reiner–Philippoff liquid, including modified fluxes via Galerkin algorithm: Significance of EMHD

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1133550

DOI=10.3389/fphy.2023.1133550

ISSN=2296-424X

ABSTRACT=<p>This developing study is focused on mass diffusion and thermal energy enhancement in Reiner–Philippoff martial across a vertical-surface under an exposed Lorentz force. Characterization of the thermal energy and mass diffusion are modified utilizing non-Fourier’s theory in the presence of a heat source. Three types of nanoparticles—<inline-formula id="inf6"><mml:math id="m6" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, titanium dioxide, and <inline-formula id="inf7"><mml:math id="m7" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>—in engine oil are inserted for production of heat energy. Darcy’s Forchheimer theory is used to analyze behavior flow and heat energy. Moreover, effects related to Dufour and Soret are added. A transformed system of ODEs is achieved regarding the developed model using similarity variables. Numerically developing models in the form of ODEs are handled with the aid of the finite element method (FEM). Fluidic thermal energy is augmented against upshot values of time relaxation number. Fluidic concentration declines against changes in Schmidt number and chemical reaction number.</p>