AUTHOR=Fu Lei , Li Jingjing , Yang Hongwei , Dong Huanhe , Han Xiaofeng TITLE=Optical solitons in birefringent fibers with the generalized coupled space–time fractional non-linear Schrödinger equations JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics VOLUME=11 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1108505 DOI=10.3389/fphy.2023.1108505 ISSN=2296-424X ABSTRACT=
The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is an ideal model for describing optical soliton transmission. This paper first introduces an integer-order generalized coupled NLS equation describing optical solitons in birefringence fibers. Secondly, the semi-inverse and fractional variational method is used to extend the integer‐order model to the space–time fractional order. Moreover, various nonlinear forms of fractional NLS equations are discussed, including the Kerr, power, parabolic, dual-power, and log law. The exact soliton solutions, such as bright, dark, and singular solitons, are given. Finally, the behavior of the solution is shown by three-dimensional figures with different fractional orders, which reveals the propagation characteristics of optical solitons in birefringence fibers described by the generalized coupled space–time fractional NLS equation.