AUTHOR=Fu Lei , Li Jingjing , Yang Hongwei , Dong Huanhe , Han Xiaofeng 

TITLE=Optical solitons in birefringent fibers with the generalized coupled space–time fractional non-linear Schrödinger equations

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1108505

DOI=10.3389/fphy.2023.1108505

ISSN=2296-424X

ABSTRACT=<p>The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is an ideal model for describing optical soliton transmission. This paper first introduces an integer-order generalized coupled NLS equation describing optical solitons in birefringence fibers. Secondly, the semi-inverse and fractional variational method is used to extend the integer‐order model to the space–time fractional order. Moreover, various nonlinear forms of fractional NLS equations are discussed, including the Kerr, power, parabolic, dual-power, and log law. The exact soliton solutions, such as bright, dark, and singular solitons, are given. Finally, the behavior of the solution is shown by three-dimensional figures with different fractional orders, which reveals the propagation characteristics of optical solitons in birefringence fibers described by the generalized coupled space–time fractional NLS equation.</p>