AUTHOR=Shah Zahir , Ullah Asad , Musa Awad , Vrinceanu Narcisa , Ferrandiz Bou Santiago , Iqbal Shahid , Deebani Wejdan 

TITLE=Entropy Optimization and Thermal Behavior of a Porous System With Considering Hybrid Nanofluid

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2022.929463

DOI=10.3389/fphy.2022.929463

ISSN=2296-424X

ABSTRACT=<p>The aim of this research work is to study the performance of hybrid eclectically conducting nanofluid (MWCNT-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) with entropy optimization impacts using the CVFEM approach. 3D and contour plots are two types of outcomes that extend the discrepancy of analyzed variables. The Newtonian liquid is presumed as a testing fluid, and the non-Darcy model is employed to simulate the permeable domain. The geometry has two adiabatic walls and one wavy hot wall with unvarying flux, and the other is kept at a constant temperature. The impact of Brownian motion in the hybrid nanofluid (MWCNT-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) is considered. The irreversibility effect is also taken into account. This effect acts against the performance of the system and reduces the efficiency of the system. To solve the final equations with higher accuracy, we utilized the method of CVFEM. The validation of the results obtained through CVFEM is clearly and graphically presented with the available literature. The outputs of the simulation showed that there is an inverse relation between permeability and the Bejan Number, and the boundary layer thickness augments with intensification in Lorentz force. These variations in the form of streamline, isotherm, and various contour plots have been reported at <inline-formula id="inf1"><mml:math id="m1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula id="inf2"><mml:math id="m2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> for different values of Da, Ha, and <inline-formula id="inf3"><mml:math id="m3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi><mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></p>