AUTHOR=Li Zhimin , Lin Zibin , Zeng Longsheng , Wu Hao , Zhu Xue-Feng 

TITLE=Underwater Transmitted Wavefront Manipulation Based on Bubble-Arrayed Acoustic Metasurfaces

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2022.922010

DOI=10.3389/fphy.2022.922010

ISSN=2296-424X

ABSTRACT=<p>Manipulating underwater acoustic waves along the prescribed trajectory has great potential for various applications. Traditional metasurfaces for underwater acoustic modulation usually have complex structural designs and are complicated to manufacture. Here, we propose a simple strategy of embedding air bubbles of different sizes inside the polymer to freely manipulate the transmitted underwater acoustic wavefields. The transmitted phase shift covers the entire <inline-formula id="inf1"><mml:math id="m1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> range by adjusting the diameter of the bubbles. Utilizing the air-bubble array with precisely designed phase profiles, the abnormal refraction, self-bending beams, and bottle beams are univocally demonstrated based on the generalized Snell’s law. Our study can be used for designing waterborne metasurfaces with simple structures to freely manipulate the transmitted wavefronts and inspire lots of applications for underwater explorations.</p>