AUTHOR=Lucas Andrew 

TITLE=Ising formulations of many NP problems

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Physics

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2014

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physics/articles/10.3389/fphy.2014.00005

DOI=10.3389/fphy.2014.00005

ISSN=2296-424X

ABSTRACT=<p>We provide Ising formulations for many NP-complete and NP-hard problems, including all of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems. This collects and extends mappings to the Ising model from partitioning, covering, and satisfiability. In each case, the required number of spins is at most cubic in the size of the problem. This work may be useful in designing adiabatic quantum optimization algorithms.</p>