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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Photonics
Sec. Biophotonics
Volume 5 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fphot.2024.1502799

Estimating Retinal Blood Oxygenation from Diffuse Reflectance Spectra of Semi-Infinite Tissue Using Principal Component Analysis

Provisionally accepted
Elahe Parham Elahe Parham 1,2Jonathan Munro Jonathan Munro 1,2Nicolas Lapointe Nicolas Lapointe 3Patricia Landry Patricia Landry 4Jonathan Robidoux Jonathan Robidoux 4Danny Brouard Danny Brouard 4Mireille Quémener Mireille Quémener 2Martin Parent Martin Parent 1,2Dominic Sauvageau Dominic Sauvageau 3,5Daniel C. Côté Daniel C. Côté 1,2Cleophace Akitegetse Cleophace Akitegetse 3*
  • 1 Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
  • 2 Cervo Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
  • 3 Zilia Inc., Québec, Canada
  • 4 Héma-Québec, Québec, Canada
  • 5 University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a promising technique for non-invasive monitoring of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). However, the interpretation of DRS data can be complicated by the presence of confounding factors such as the volume fraction of blood, tissue scattering, and lipid content which both absorb and scatter. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate statistical method that can help overcome these challenges by extracting relevant information from complex datasets and providing new dimensions used to estimate parameters such as concentrations. In this study, we present a PCA-based algorithm for estimating retinal StO2 from DRS measurements. We evaluated the performance of our algorithm using simulated data and experimental measurements on a retinal tissue phantom model. Our results show that the PCA-based algorithm can estimate the value of StO2 with a root-mean-square error of 6.38 % in the presence of confounding factors. Our study demonstrates the potential of PCA as a powerful tool for extracting the concentration of components from complex DRS.

    Keywords: Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), principal component analysis (PCA), Retinal oxygenation, Retinal tissue phantom

    Received: 27 Sep 2024; Accepted: 01 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Parham, Munro, Lapointe, Landry, Robidoux, Brouard, Quémener, Parent, Sauvageau, Côté and Akitegetse. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Cleophace Akitegetse, Zilia Inc., Québec, Canada

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.