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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Pharmacol.
Sec. Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1513105

Post-treatment of rats aflatoxicosis by camel milk and silymarin

Provisionally accepted
Nahla Hamdy Hassaneen Nahla Hamdy Hassaneen 1Shabaan Abd Elatif Hemeda Shabaan Abd Elatif Hemeda 2Abeer Fekry El Nahas Abeer Fekry El Nahas 2Ghadeer M Albadrani Ghadeer M Albadrani 3Muath Alghadi Muath Alghadi 4Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh 5Sabreen Ezzat Fadl Sabreen Ezzat Fadl 6*Eman Mahmoud El-diasty Eman Mahmoud El-diasty 7Hader Ibrahim Sakr Hader Ibrahim Sakr 8
  • 1 Matrouh University, matrouh, Beni Suef, Egypt
  • 2 Alexandria University, Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 3 Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 5 University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt., Matrouh, Egypt
  • 7 Animal Health Research Institute (Egypt), Giza, Giza, Egypt
  • 8 Cairo University, Giza, Giza, Egypt

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Aflatoxins are highly potent mycotoxins that can seriously harm the health of humans and a variety of animal species. On the other hand, camel milk and silymarin offer a variety of positive effects for many animal species. In addition, camel milk and silymarin reduce the impact of AFB1 on the hematology, serum biochemical markers, histopathology of the liver and testes, and expression of the inflammatory, antioxidant, and male reproductive genes. 40 rats were used to evaluate the beneficial effect of silymarin and camel milk against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in rats. The classified treatments were the control negative (no treatment) and the control positive (supplied with 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet) for 28 days. Camel milk group (supplied with 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet) for 28 days and camel milk (1 milliliter of camel milk per kilogram of body weight) orally, from day 29 to day 43). Silymarin (supplied with 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet) for 28 days and silymarin (20 mg silymarin/kg b.wt), orally, from day 29 to day 43). The evaluation was done through measuring leukocyte count, liver function tests, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin, and testosterone. Moreover, the histopathology of the liver and testes was done along with expression levels of specific genes in the liver and testes.The outcomes showed that the post-treatment with silymarin and camel milk improved biochemical markers in serum and ability to reproduce. In conclusion, post-treatment with camel milk and silymarin could mitigate the negative effect of AFB1 on rats.

    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, Post-treatment, Camel milk, Silymarin, Serum biochemistry, Gene Expression

    Received: 17 Oct 2024; Accepted: 10 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Hassaneen, Hemeda, El Nahas, Albadrani, Alghadi, Mohammedsaleh, Fadl, El-diasty and Sakr. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Sabreen Ezzat Fadl, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt., Matrouh, Egypt

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.